What are radiation-induced effects not seen in the exposed individual, but in future generations called?

Radiation-induced effects that are not observed in the exposed individual but may manifest in future generations are known as genetic effects. These effects occur when radiation causes alterations to the DNA of germ cells (sperm and egg). When these modified germ cells contribute to the formation of offspring, the genetic changes can be transmitted to subsequent generations. This is an important concept in the study of radiation safety and health, as it highlights the potential long-term implications of radiation exposure that can extend beyond the initial exposure incident.

In contrast, somatic effects refer to health impacts that occur in the individual who has been directly exposed to radiation, such as radiation burns or cancer, and are not passed on to future generations. Immediate effects would pertain to those that are apparent shortly after exposure, and delayed effects indicate health issues that may arise some time after exposure, but both of these terms do not specifically address the intergenerational aspect of genetic changes. Understanding the distinction among these terms is crucial in comprehending the broader implications of radiation exposure and its potential hereditary consequences.